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We raised the spectre of Tesco Law or Co-Op as the alternative name. This week the Gazette and press is once more saying that firms are not prepared. But what else is happening in the law, the referral fee ban, reduction in hourly rates for Legal Aid and it would appear from many areas a general lack of passion. While we are all waiting for the reforms the fundamentals that are often missed must stay â Rule 2.03 advice still being something that causes issues on so many files of papers. That is where we can always assist â at the start of a case, not the end of a case.
So Jackson is almost upon us. From the beginning of October it would appear that the first courses on the proposed changes to come into force in October 2012 will begin.
So what does Jackson and the proposed reforms mean for us all.
In terms of the Dubbing Tesco Law perhaps we should actually be calling it Co-op Law, an already highly established player in the marketplace. Co-op have taken their turnover from zero to the millions within a number of years. The business model is effective. The Co-operative have 2 million attentive clients, 2 million people who use their accounts and trust the brand. Can we say that solicitors are trusted in the same way as the large
supermarkets, car manufacturers and even, dare we say it, the banks. The radical shake up of the Legal Services market could well have one of the largest impacts on the make up of the English Legal Services since the Reform Act of 1832.
It is not too late to start to change your business practise. Perhaps now bringing in Experts who can assist may be the way forward.
We highly recommend http://www.elitemriltd.co.uk/
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The Civil Procedure Rule Committee has now reversed the controversial ruling in Carver v BAA [2008] EWCA Civ 412.
Before 2008, a claimant avoided any costs sanctions so long as they the defendantâs Part 36 offer by any amount, or equalled their own offer. However, in Carver, where the claimant beat the defendantâs Part 36 offer by a mere ÂŁ51, the Court of Appeal said that judges should take a broader view of whether the final outcome showed the case was worth the fight and that the judge in this matter was âentitled to take into account that the extra ÂŁ51 gained was more than offset by the irrecoverable cost incurred by the claimant in continuing to contest the case for as long as she did.â
In his final report, Lord Justice Jackson said that Carver had introduced âan unwelcome degree of uncertainty into the Part 36 regimeâ and also âtends to depress the level of settlementsâ due to claimantâs being wary of taking the risk of going to trial.
The Civil Procedure Rule Committee have subsequently approved a clarification to Part 36.14 that says âmore advantageousâ means better in money terms by any amount, however small, and ââat least as advantageousâ shall be construed accordingly.â This clarification will take effect from 1st October 2011, when the 57th update of the Civil Procedure Rules comes into force.
Pre-Issue Part 36 Offers
The recent confusion caused by the decision in Udogaranya v
Nwagw [2010]EWHC 90186 (Costs) regarding the costs consequences of accepting a
pre-issue Part 36 Offer appears to have been resolved by the recent case of
Thompson & Thompson v Bruce [2011]QBD (28.06.11). In this case Deputy High
Court Judge John Leighton Williams QC found that âproceedingsâ in CPR r.36.10
should be given a wider meaning to include that which took place prior to the
commencement of proceedings.
He said that the intention of CPR r.36 was to create a more
practical approach to the settlement of claims with CPR r.36.3(2)(a) permitting
Part 36 Offers to be made before proceedings were issued. If there was no
entitlement to costs pre-issue this would effectively frustrate the purpose of
CPR r.36 and would encourage parties to issue proceedings just to protect their
position on costs, thereby contradicting the overall intention of the rules which
was to promote early pre-issue settlement.
It is hoped that this decision will deter Defendants from
seeking to avoid their costs liabilities by relying on a technical and clearly
flawed argument in relation to the interpretation of CPR r.36.
With all the furore over the introduction of the proposed ABS structure now more
than ever the profession must look outside of the box and consider whether they
are professionals or businessmen. The two can go hand in hand â after all the
worldâs largest accountancy practises dwarf those in the legal world and that
is in part due to the mentality of the cash collection that they have adopted.
In order to survive in an ever changing world it is necessary to consider how
and what to charge clients in a manner that reflects the work and also provides
value for the paying client . At Sterling we have the ability to consider those
methods with you….
Once more the beast that is Rule 2.03 may well start to rear its ugly head. In an ever more litigious world (even though there are signs of a reduction in court actions) the relationship between solicitor and client must be watertight. It is so simple to dismiss any alternative form of funding as “something we don’t do” or “we only offer private client” but sadly that cannot be right and not to discuss any and all forms of funding is wrong and not within the interpretation of Rule 2.03.
Even more so there is an alarming increase in solicitors running risks on their own balance sheets hoping that at the end of the case the paying party will just pay what is asked. If that were true then there would be no need for costs draftsmen.
Instead when running the risk yourselves via a CFA or any alternative form of funding think purely of what a hedge bet actually is and hedge your own risks or in fact those of your clients via ATE.
Posted in Uncategorized
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Tagged Rule 2.03
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Where a part 36 offer is made by the defendant and accepted by the claimant before proceedings are commenced, the claimant is unable to claim costs on the standard basis in accordance with CPR36.10, as there are no proceedings.
If a disagreement ensues in relation to the costs to be paid by the defendant, the claimantâs part 8 claim to recover costs fails to be dealt with under CPR44.12A (costs only proceedings) and not under the part 36 regime.
The recent Claim in Udogaranya v Nwagw [2010] EWHC 90186(Costs) arose from a RTA and the agreed damages were less than ÂŁ10,000.00. In such a case, CPR 44.12A requires the costs to be dealt with under the fixed-costs regime in CPR 45.
Under CPR 45.12 it is possible for the court to award additional costs in exceptional circumstances. Master Haworth held in the above case that this was not a run-of âthe-mill case and did fall within CPR 45.12. In his words âthe Insurers and the defendantâs solicitors scatter their shot somewhat widely as to breach of dutyâ and causation and liability were disputed.
The claimantâs side had put in considerably more work than would have expected in the case of this nature. However, whilst this entitled the claimant to push forward to a detailed assessment, the defendant may run the risk of falling foul of CPR 45.13, which reads that he must do better by 20% than the fixed costs he would otherwise have received. As the judge pontificated , âwhilst he may win the battle, he may not win the war.â
This ruling highlights a flaw with the drafting of CPR 36.10. When a part 36 offer is made pre-action in accordance with CPR 36.3(2) and is then subsequently accepted by the other side without proceedings being issued, what is the effect of the statement of the offer that the defendant will be liable for the claimantâs costs in accordance with CPR 36.10 if the offer is accepted?
CPR 36.10 reads: âwhere a part 36 offer is accepted within the relevant period the claimant will be entitled to the costs of the proceedings up to date on which notice of acceptance was served on the offeror.â
Rather self explanatory – The key problem is that where the offer is accepted pre-action, there are no proceedings. Thus, CPR 36.10 cannot apply in such circumstances and this reiterates what Master Haworth held. He said that for the claimant to be able to rely upon CPR 36.10, the defendantâs offer needed to say that âthe defendant would be liable for the claimantsâ costs, including the costs pre-issue of proceedings in accordance with CPR 36.10.â
The consequence for the claimant was extremely disadvantageous because he was not entitled to rely upon CPR 36.10 and found that his costs being assessed in accordance with the predictable costs regime under CPR 45.
This may not ring true in another type of case, the claimant would be unable to claim his costs on the standard basis as a matter of right and would have to argue for them under the general costs jurisdiction in CPR 44.3. This is not necessarily a problem in every run-of-the-mill case and may be assessed on a case by case basis, but still this holds an understandable level of worrying uncertainty.
The problem arises from the poor drafting of part 36 and there is a good chance that a higher court would decide to interpret CPR 36.10 as referring to pre-action costs where proceedings were not begun [Goode v Martin is an authority for creative interpretation of the CPR where this is necessary to enable the court to deal with a claim justly.]
This would give effect to the purpose of part 36, which is to encourage parties to settle as early as possible. Even if the court did not feel able to exercise its creativity in its interpretation of CPR 36.10, the court would surely give a defendant short shrift were he to argue that, although he had offered to pay the claimantâs costs, he should not have to pay them, whether all or in part.
The case concerns a problem for claimants but in general pre-action costs are a problem for defendants. Where a defendant incurs significant costs preparing a response to a letter of claim and instructing an expert to consider the claimantâs expertâs report, he can recover nothing if the claimant backs down and abandons the claim.
The CPR does not entitle a party to recover any costs where they have complied with a pre-action protocol. They do, on the other hand, provide for potentially archaic penalties should a potential defendant fail to comply with a protocol or the protocol practice direction.
In the case McGlinn v Waltham Contractors Ltd [2007] EWHC 149 (TCC) this highlights some of the problems that defendants may face. Here, the defendant faced a series of claims arising from a building contract. During the pre-action protocol stage, it incurred costs which ultimately persuaded the claimant not to pursue some of the claims when he issued proceedings. The defendant sought to recover costs relating to those abandoned claims.
Costs can be recovered by a party under section 51 of the Senior Courts Act 1981 if they are âcosts of or incidental toâ the proceedings. Although on the face of it, these could be said to be costs incidental to the proceedings, the judge held that the costs of abandoned issues and heads of claim cannot be recovered save in exceptional circumstances which gives rise to some sort of unreasonable conduct.
He commented that it would be contrary to the whole purpose of the pre-action protocols if claimants were routinely penalised if they decided not to pursue claims in courts which they had originally included in their protocol letters.
The position is likely to alter where the claimant has begun proceedings before complying with the relevant protocol or the practice direction on pre-action conduct.
Where, for example, proceedings have been started prematurely because a limitation period is about to expire, they are required by paragraph 9.6 of the practice direction to apply to the court for a stay of proceedings whilst they take steps to comply.
Points abandoned after following the protocol procedure would in this situation be âcosts of and incidental toâ the proceedings which will already be in existence and costs incurred in dealing with these points could in principle be recovered.
Exert taken from Miranda Whitely â Mills and Reeve LLP for the costs lawyer June 2011
The Environment Agencyâs late introduction of a defence which resulted in the court proceedings having to be discontinued in favour of Lands Tribunal proceedings, in which the claimant was largely successful, justified a departure from the usual costs rule under CPR 38.6. Usually under this rule the claimant is liable to pay the defendantâs costs where proceedings have been discontinued.
Webb had issued proceedings against the Environment Agency for property damage as a result of flooding caused by the installation of a grate in a watercourse maintained by the agency. The agency maintained the defence that there had been a failure to act that did not give rise to any liability. However, the agency later amended its defence to contend the installation of the grate was a positive act under section 165 of the Water Resources Act 1991. The parties agreed for the matter to be heard by the Lands Tribunal and Webb agreed to discontinue the court proceedings.
Court ruled that although Webb had recovered substantially less than initially claimed, they could truly say they won the case and therefore the normal costs rule under CPR 38.6 (1) would not apply. It was not Webbâs fault that the agency had failed to recognise the section 165 defence applied. Court ordered that the agency pay 80% of Webbâs base costs plus disbursements.
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